How to Fake a French Accent

We love the beautiful accent that the French have when they speak English, and it can be fun or even useful to imitate it. If youre an actor, comedian, grand sà ©ducteur,  or even if you just have a French-themed Halloween costume, you can learn how to fake a French accent with this in-depth look at how the French speak English.* Please note that the pronunciation explanations are based on American English; some of them wont sound right to British and Australian ears. *Si vous à ªtes franà §ais, ne men voulez pas  ! Jai à ©crit cet article parce quil sagit dun sujet intà ©ressant et potentiellement utile. Franchement, jadore votre langue et jadore à ©galement votre accent quand vous parlez la mienne. Si vous voulez, vous pouvez utiliser ces tuyaux pour rà ©duire les traces de franà §ais dans votre anglais. Mais, à   mon avis, ce serait dommage. French-infused Vowels Nearly every English vowel is affected by the French accent. French has no diphthongs, so vowels are always shorter than their English counterparts. The long A, O, and U sounds in English, as in say, so, and Sue, are pronounced by French speakers like their similar but un-diphthonged French equivalents, as in the French words sais, seau, and sou. For example, English speakers pronounce say as [seI], with a diphthong made up of a long a sound followed by a sort of y sound. But French speakers will say [se] - no diphthong, no y sound. (Note that [xxx] indicates IPA spelling.) English vowel sounds which do not have close French equivalents are systematically replaced by other sounds: short A [à ¦], as in fat, is pronounced ah as in fatherlong A [eI] followed by a consonant, as in gate, is usually pronounced like the short e in getER at the end of a word, as in water, is always pronounced airshort I [I], as in sip, is always pronounced ee as in seeplong I [aI], as in kite, tends to be elongated and almost turned into two syllables: [ka it]short O [É‘], as in cot, is pronounced either uh as in cut, or oh as in coatU [ÊŠ] in words like full is usually pronounced oo as in fool Dropped Vowels, Syllabification, and Word Stress When faking a French accent, you need to pronounce all schwas (unstressed vowels). For reminder, native English speakers tend toward rmindr, but French speakers say ree-ma-een-dair. They will pronounce amazes ah-may-zez, with the final e fully stressed, unlike native speakers who will gloss over it: amazs. And the French often emphasize the -ed at the end of a verb, even if that means adding a syllable: amazed becomes ah-may-zed. Short words that native English speakers tend  to skim over or swallow will always be carefully pronounced by French speakers. The latter will say peanoot boo-tair and jelly, whereas native English speakers opt for peant buttr n jelly. Likewise, French speakers will usually not make contractions, instead pronouncing every word: I would go instead of Id go and She eez reh-dee rather than Shes ready. Because French has no word stress (all syllables are pronounced with the same emphasis), French speakers have a hard time with stressed syllables in English, and will usually pronounce everything at the same stress, like actually, which becomes ahk chew ah lee. Or they might stress the last syllable - particularly in words with more than two: computer is often said com-pu-TAIR. French-accented Consonants H is always silent in French, so the French will pronounce happy as appy. Once in a while, they might make a particular effort, usually resulting in an overly forceful H sound - even with words like hour and honest, in which the H is silent in English.J is likely to be pronounced zh like the G in massage.R will be pronounced either as in French  or as a tricky sound somewhere between W and L. Interestingly, if a word starting with a vowel has an R in the middle, some French speakers will mistakenly add an (overly forceful) English H in front of it. For example, arm might be pronounced hahrm. THs pronunciation will vary, depending on how its supposed to be pronounced in English: voiced TH [à °] is pronounced Z or DZ: this becomes zees or dzeesunvoiced TH [ÃŽ ¸] is pronounced S or T: thin turns into seen or teen Letters that should be silent at the beginning and end of words (psychology, lamb) are often pronounced. French-Tinted Grammar Just as English speakers often have trouble with  French possessive adjectives, mistakenly saying things like  son femme  for his wife, French speakers are likely to mix up  his  and  her, often favoring  his  even for female owners. They also tend to use  his  rather than  its  when talking about inanimate owners, e.g., This car has his own GPS. Similarly, since all  nouns have a gender  in French, native speakers will often refer to inanimate objects as  he  or  she  rather than  it. French speakers often use the pronoun  that  for a subject when they mean  it, as in thats just a thought rather than its just a thought. And theyll often say  this  instead of  that  in expressions like I love skiing and boating, things like this rather than ... things like that. Certain  singulars and plurals  are problematic, due to differences in French and English. For example, the French are likely to pluralize  furniture  and  spinach  because the French equivalents are plural:  les  meubles,  les  Ãƒ ©pinards. In the present tense, the French rarely remember to conjugate for the third person singular: he go, she want, it live. As for the past tense, because spoken French favors the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  to the  passà © simple, the French tend to overuse the formers literal equivalent, the English present perfect: I have gone to the movies yesterday. In questions, French speakers tend not to invert the subject and verb,  instead  asking where you are going? and what your name is? And they leave out the helping verb  do: what mean this word? or what this word mean? French-flavored Vocabulary Faux amis  are just as tricky for French speakers as they are for English speakers; try saying, as the French often do, actually instead of now, and nervous when you mean  Ãƒ ©nervà ©. You should also throw in occasional French words and phrases, such as: au contraire  - on the  contraryau revoir  - good-byebien  sà »r !  - of course!bon appà ©tit  - bon appetit, enjoy your mealbonjour  - hellocest-à  -dire  - that iscomment dit-on ___  ?  - how do you say ___?euh  - uh, umje  veux  dire  - I meanmerci  - thank younon  - nooh là  Ã‚  là  Ã‚  !  - oh dear!oui  - yespas  possible !  - no way!sil  vous  plaà ®t  - pleasevoilà  Ã‚  - there you go French Faces And, of course, theres nothing like  gestures  to make you look more French. We particularly recommend  les  bises,  la  moue, the  Gallic shrug and  dà ©licieux.

Is Television Making Your Child Smart Enough Essay

Is television making your child smart enough to read this research paper? Is Sesame Street teaching Little Tommy how to spell â€Å"dog†? When you watch a children s television program you understand most of the content and lessons. Good for you. It’s made for children and you’re an adult. However, are the children able to grasp these lessons and is it affecting their social behaviors? The history of children s programming shows an increase in quality programming and new content for children is constantly being made with networks like Nickelodeon announcing more than 650 episodes of new and returning series in 2016/2017. You can take a child outside, throw a stick, and yell â€Å"fetch,† however the average amount of television a child consumes is increasing and affecting the amount of reading time and outdoor time a child gets. However, the time they spend indoors watching television might actually be improving their education. Although a lot of research shows that television can have a negative effect on a child s psychological development, if regulated and selective it can positively influence a child’s academic skills, the perception of the world, and overall knowledge. One could argue that children are placed in front of a television or handed an iPhone because it occupies their attention for a few moments, however, I was raised in a household where this was not the case. My mother works in the industry of creating children s programming, so as a child I was exposed to a lotShow MoreRelatedFrom Suffering to Overcoming in the Abduction of Adam Walsh1174 Words   |  5 PagesFrom Suffering to Overcoming Imagine taking your young child with you to run errands. You race into Target and then are delayed as you search for the one item you need. In that one moment, your child walks off to find the toy section. You begin to search around you and then quickly become frantic. 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Cost-Effective Road Safety Treatments Free Sample for Students

Question: Develop a Mechanism for Cost-Effective Road Safety Treatments that will reduce rear-end crash Type Risk Exposure on High-Speed Rural South Australian roads with a Posted Speed limit 100 km/hr or greater. Answer: Introduction The current chapter of literature review provides substantive findings, methodological and theoretical contribution to the road safety treatments that will contribute to reduction of rear-end crash risk on the South Australian high-speed rural roads having a speed limit of 100 km/her or higher. It provides a brief review of the Australian and NZ jurisdictions of road. A conceptual framework has been provided to outline the relationship between dependent and independent variables of this research. The Australian guidelines have been revised for identifying best practices in prevention of rear crashes detecting adequate risk factors focusing on Netherlands, UK, Germany and Sweden. Traditional treatment measures such as channelized right turn, pavement widening besides innovative and low order treatments like signage, increased sight lines and line markings are also provided. Crash data as well as traffic volumes are collated and analyzed finally developing rating tools to priorities lo cations for the research. Conceptual framework Figure 1: Conceptual framework (Source: Created by the author) The green colored step is the gap of literature that is the cost effective solution. Worlds best practices in rear-end crash prevention Rear-end crash is the most common type of crash found in the world with approximately 83.7% of the crashes in metropolitan areas, 10.5% in city areas and 5.8% in country region (Chen 2015). Analyses on crash timings highlights that rear-end crashes are more frequent over other crashes. Approximately two fifth of the CTP insurance reports claims are regarding rear end crash in South Australia that amounts to around one fourth of the total CTP cost. Factors that are considered for preventing rear-end crashes in South Australian rural roads with speed limits over 100 kmph varies from place to place including limiting the speed limit beyond 100 kmph to a certain level, using traditional methods like using speed breakers and widening of roads, use of reflective road indicators and coarse wearing coarse on road surface. Figure 2: Average annual number of rural rear-end casualty crashes for each jurisdiction by severity (200610 inclusive) (Source: Olinepublications.austroads.com.au 2017) Road safety treatments Germany Road safety treatments taken into consideration for avoiding rear end-collisions include clearing up of stationary vehicles present at turnings of the road. In Germany, skid resistance is used as a technique for road safety treatment with adequate resurfacing at road sites. UK According to Beck (2014), collision avoidance systems used in the United Kingdom provides warning to the driver regarding a slowly moving vehicle ahead. Sweden Vehicle based countermeasures like conspicuity of rear vehicles through application of retro-reflective rear vehicle materials are also extensively used in Sweden. 2+2 road types are usually built in Sweden as a dual carriageway in which the road is separated by a steel barrier cable. Hard shoulders are not provided in these roads and hence it cannot be designated as a motorway however, there are variants in Swedish lanes such as the 3.25m wide lanes. These roads are effective to prevent rear end crashes as junctions are provided at roundabout grades, Moreover vehicles are free to move on a dual carriageway each in opposite direction thus preventing any rear-end crash. Netherlands Netherland have adopted a radar system in vehicles that detect any rapidly moving or slowly progressing vehicles in the vicinity providing warnings to the driver regarding it. Risk factors identified Rear end car crashes includes numerous risk factors such as the whiplash injuries that cause death of personnel especially at peak hour of traffic. Presence of intersection increases the risk potentials especially for the right turning vehicles. Parked vehicle at side of road also contributes to increased rear end accidents to about 56% in UK (Biqiang 2016). Figure 3: Statistics of rear end crashes in UK rural roads (Source: Ukroads 2017) Loss of control is the root cause for fatal accidents on 38% rural roads and 30% motorways respectively. Higher speed and winding nature of rural roads also causes such accidents. Bendy, narrow rural roads also causes rear crashes at junctions, while overtaking, failure in negotiating bends. Other risk factors associated to rear end crashes studied in Sweden are found to be inadequate attention in drivers, improper driving conditions like alcoholic or drug use condition driving. Inattention of drivers causes distraction of drivers from usage of mobile phones, headway maintenance also causes drivers to get distracted and crash on rear ends of front car. Age of the driver if below 26 and above 75 are most likely considered to cause a rear crash. Males are found to be more susceptible to rear end crash besides alcohol content in blood. According to South Australian rural road scenario, intersections have high chances of rear crash, geometry of road, density of traffic; work zones and lighting are the major factors contributing to rear crash in rural roads of South Australia. Weng (2014) stated that tailgating is another major risk associated to rear crash as driving too close to a vehicle without sufficient distance between the successive vehicles might increase chances of collision. Different factors including weather, vehicle speed, visibility and numerous conditions for road leads to potential increase of risk through tailgating. When a vehicle tailgates, and suddenly the former vehicle applies brake, rear crash occurs and hence tailgating at South Australian at a posted speed limit of 100 kmph or more is a risk. Appropriate treatment measures Appropriate treatment measures found in prevention of rear-end car crashes are classified as traditional infrastructure treatments, low order treatments and innovative treatments. Figure 4: Appropriate measures of treatment (Source: Created by the author) Traditional infrastructure treatments Traditional infrastructural treatments according to Austroads design codes include skid resistance treatments for higher wet to dry crash weather through analysis of slip speed, slip ratio, water film thickness, test tyre, temperature and equipments of measurement through harmonization and correlation. Road widening is another technique used in Australia for ensuring reduction of rear crashes that includes road geometric design and widening. That is based on table T3.1 widening on curves for a radius of 180 m curve, single unit bus or truck should have a total widening of 0.50, 180 for prime mover and trailer, 0.25 for B-double and 0.48 for type 1 road train (Harland 2016). Figure 5: Typical cross-section of a road in Australia (Source: Lao 2014) Channelized right turn helps in better traffic control at signalized intersections avoiding conflicts and rear-ends collisions additionally adding pedestrian safety. Li et al. (2014) stated that prevention of rear crash is prevented from local and state guidelines in terms of channelized right turn lanes helps in improving pedestrian safety, vehicular safety to approximately 55% and rear crashes by about 25%. Innovative treatments Although Austroads do not recommend innovative treatments however, few of the innovations include proximity and accident warnings that have been beneficial in prevention of rear crashes. Proximity sensors help vehicles in detecting high speed approaching vehicles and slowing vehicles in front so that braking time is anticipated and possibility of rear crash is reduced. Latest technological innovation includes smart GPS through in built autopilot system that gets prior notification of traffic and hence prepares its track course that prevents any possibilities of accident. Vision zero program in Sweden refers to the setting up of speed limits suitable to a particular area through dynamic messaging through speed warning sign as well as variable messaging signs. Speed indicator displays (SIDs) to rural roads also help in anticipating any potential rear crash due to approaching vehicles from behind. Lower order treatments Use of traffic lights with proper red, amber and green cycle timing depending on the traffic density of the area also allows vehicles to prevent any unwanted events. Moreover, line marking is used for providing a guideline for preventing vehicles to go out of track and cause any accidents. Figure 6: Line of sight (Source: Liu 2016) Increased line of sight provides the traffic drivers to get a better vision on road and thus see any vehicles moving at the opposite end of line of sight. Braking time refers to the total effective time taken for the brakes to be applied from perception until actual stopping of the car. If line of sight is increased, car drivers will get ample time to use brakes and thus prevent unavoidable circumstances of rear crash. Reflective raised pavement markers are important in getting a clear road vision and thus help the drivers to get an image of the road ahead preventing any detrimental rear crash. Analysis and collation of crash data and traffic volumes Traffic volumes of a place help in analyzing the potential traffic congestion of that intersection and assess the traffic density so that the widening of the road can be determined and possible traffic congestion can be reduced. Moreover, crash data of a place when analyzed helps in calculating the possible anticipated right channelization need and requirement for reflective raised pavement markers. As per Metzger (2015), the analysis throws light on around 88% of the rear crashes that occurs and necessary steps that are required for avoiding the accident. Collation and analysis of crash data for high-speed rural roads Collation and analysis of crash data at intersection of high-speed rural roads shows that rear-end crashes occurs more frequently at higher speed sites and at around 32% in low speed and 42% high speed at crossings where no turns are allowed (Mitchell 2015). Right turning points also faces accidents at 23% low speed and 45% high-speed. Parenteau (2014) stated that rear end crashes occurs more frequently about 27% at high speed and 12% at low speed. Collation and analysis of crash data is usually done over a certain period and dividing the sites into categories AADT, which are low, moderate, and high volume roads. Analysis of crash data shows around 71% of vehicle crash occurs in speed zones more than 76 Kmph. Intermediate and large crash of cars occurred at higher speed of more than 75 Kmph in rural areas (Monash.edu 2004). Intersection risk factors identified associated with rear-end crashes Risk factors at intersection identified that are associated to rear-end crashes includes age of driver, speed zone, traffic control type, time of the day, type of crash and usage for seat belt. It has been seen that without usage of seat belt a whiplash effect is created that makes the driver face a serious accident leading to death. As per Viano (2015), age of driver also comes into play with young drivers more susceptible to accidents due to immature decisions as well as time of day with more accidents occurring at night. Finally, traffic control type also decides the intensity of accidents occurring at a location as insufficient traffic control leads to uncontrollable situation. Risk rating tool Scoring system using sensitivity analysis Rear crash accidents being major issue in Australian rural highways is commonly seen in trucks, which are overloaded. Identification of vehicle speed is another factor that understands the dynamics of vehicle and influencing factors such as rolling coefficient of resistance, gradient of road surface and coefficient of air resistance on the vehicle speed (Sahraei 2014). Sensitivity analysis shows that rolling resistance coefficient, gradient of road surface influences vehicle speed with a slight air resistant coefficient. Therefore, in a sensitivity analysis, besides speed of vehicle, air coefficient of resistance is taken into consideration. Sensitivity analysis shows that capital costs to be nearly 20%, VOC to be 20%, TTC to be around 40%, accidental cost to be 20% and exclude all private travel time costs. Best estimate assumption has been considered which is around AU$50 million of costs, AU$40 million of capital cost, AU$10 million for operating costs, AU$ 70 million for benefit cost and AU$40 million for TTC savings. It is also estimated to be AU$ 1 million for VOC savings, accidental savings to be around AU$10 million, first year benefits to be around AU$2 million at a discounting rate of 4%. The assumptions made by the sensitivity analysis of The Transport and Main Road Cost Benefit Analysis involves BCR to be 1.4, NPV to be around AU$ 20 million and FYRR to be 4% (Tmr.qld.gov.au 2017). For prioritizing intersections, sensitivity analysis is usually used that leads to placing of the important factors against the crash, sight distance and AADT in order to ensure the sight with crash location does not get any kind o f high priority importance that might lead to serious consequences populating the tops. Using sensitivity analysis usually, the intersections are prioritized and practitioners of traffic uses proactive basis for selecting top intersections. Gap of literature According to Beck (2014), it has been found that major factors for rear crash accidents in Australia happens due to improper driving skills, improper adherence to traffic rules and improper infrastructure of road. Biqiang (2016) stated that often accidents occurs frequently at intersections on right turns and happens due to improper line of sight, skid resistance and other factors like age of driver. Hence, the gap of the literature has been found which is the relationship of road safety treatments that are cost effective reducing exposure to high-speed rural roads of Australia. References Chen, C., Zhang, G., Tarefder, R., Ma, J., Wei, H. and Guan, H., 2015. A multinomial logit model-Bayesian network hybrid approach for driver injury severity analyses in rear-end crashes.Accident Analysis Prevention,80(2), pp.76-88. Adelaide.edu.au, 2005, Centre for Automotive Safety Research. [online] Available at: https://casr.adelaide.edu.au/publications/researchreports/CASR018.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Atkinson, T., Gawarecki, L. and Tavakoli, M., 2016. Paired vehicle occupant analysis indicates age and crash severity moderate likelihood of higher severity injury in second row seated adults in frontal crashes.Accident Analysis Prevention,89(13), pp.88-94. Beck, B., Brown, J. and Bilston, L.E., 2014. Assessment of vehicle and restraint design changes for mitigating rear seat occupant injuries.Traffic injury prevention,15(7), pp.711-719. Biqiang, Z., Xiaodong, L. and Yajun, Z., 2016. The structure optimization analysis of electric vehicle in small offset rear end collision.Procedia engineering, 137(3), pp.103-108. Bitre.gov.au, 2017, Fatal road crash. [online] Available at: https://bitre.gov.au/statistics/safety/fatal_road_crash_database.aspx [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Bose, D., Arregui-Dalmases, C., Sanchez-Molina, D., Velazquez-Ameijide, J. and Crandall, J., 2013. Increased risk of driver fatality due to unrestrained rear-seat passengers in severe frontal crashes.Accident Analysis Prevention,53(3), pp.100-104. Brodie, C., Durdin, P., Tate, F. and Mackie, H., 2013. Targeting High Risk Intersections. Australasian College of Road Safety Conference, 2013, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5(9), pp.15-23. 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[online] Available at: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/08046/index.cfm [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Fildes, B., Keall, M., Bos, N., Lie, A., Page, Y., Pastor, C., Pennisi, L., Rizzi, M., Thomas, P. and Tingvall, C., 2015. Effectiveness of low speed autonomous emergency braking in real-world rear-end crashes.Accident Analysis Prevention,81(9), pp.24-29. Gage, T., Bishop, R. and Morris, J., 2015. The Increasing Importance of Vehicle-Based Risk Assessment for the Vehicle Insurance Industry.Minn. JL Sci. Tech.,16(4), pp.771-781. Harland, K.K., Carney, C. and McGehee, D., 2016. Analysis of naturalistic driving videos of fleet services drivers to estimate driver error and potentially distracting behaviors as risk factors for rear-end versus angle crashes.Traffic injury prevention,17(5), pp.465-471. Intrans.iastate.edu, 2008, Strategies to Address Nighttime Crashes at Rural, Unsignalized Intersections. [online] Available at: https://www.intrans.iastate.edu/research/documents/research-reports/nighttime-lighting.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Klauer, S.G., Guo, F., Simons-Morton, B.G., Ouimet, M.C., Lee, S.E. and Dingus, T.A., 2014. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers.New England journal of medicine,370(1), pp.54-59. Lao, Y., Zhang, G., Wang, Y. and Milton, J., 2014. Generalized nonlinear models for rear-end crash risk analysis.Accident Analysis Prevention,62(7), pp.9-16. Li, Z., Ahn, S., Chung, K., Ragland, D.R., Wang, W. and Yu, J.W., 2014. Surrogate safety measure for evaluating rear-end collision risk related to kinematic waves near freeway recurrent bottlenecks.Accident Analysis Prevention,64(22), pp.52-61. Liu, C. and Pressley, J.C., 2016. Side impact motor vehicle crashes: driver, passenger, vehicle and crash characteristics for fatally and nonfatally-injured rear-seated adults.Injury epidemiology,3(1), pp.23-29. Lpcb.org, 2015, Road geometry study for improved rural study. [online] Available at: https://www.lpcb.org/index.php/documents/road-pavement-design-and-performance/general-and-geometric-design/25283-2015-australia-road-geometry-for-improved-safety/file [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Metzger, K.B., Gruschow, S., Durbin, D.R. and Curry, A.E., 2015. Association between NCAP ratings and real-world rear seat occupant risk of injury.Traffic injury prevention,16(2), pp.146-152. Mitchell, R.J., Bambach, M.R. and Toson, B., 2015. Injury risk for matched front and rear seat car passengers by injury severity and crash type: An exploratory study.Accident Analysis Prevention,82(6), pp.171-179. Monash.edu, 2004, Cost effectiveness infrastructure measures on rural roads. [online] Available at: https://www.monash.edu/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/217097/muarc217.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Ntl.bts.gov, 2014, Safety Evaluation of Signal Installation With and Without Left Turn Lanes on Two Lane Roads in Rural and Suburban Areas. [online] Available at: https://ntl.bts.gov/lib/54000/54200/54241/2013-11finalreport.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Nzta.govt.nz, 2007, Crash rates at rural intersections. [online] Available at: https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/resources/crash-rates-and-rural-intersections/docs/crash-rates-and-rural-intersections.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Nzta.govt.nz, 2013, High-risk intersections guide. [online] Available at: https://www.nzta.govt.nz/assets/resources/high-risk-intersections-guide/docs/high-risk-intersections-guide.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Olinepublications.austroads.com.au, 2017, Investigation of Key Crash Types: Rear-end Crashes in Urban and Rural Environments. [online]. Available at: https://www.onlinepublications.austroads.com.au/items/AP-R480-15 [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Parenteau, C.S. and Viano, D.C., 2014. Light-vehicle occupancy and severe injury by vehicle and crash type.Traffic injury prevention,15(5), pp.457-461. Rac.com.au, 2017, RAC reports. [online] Available at: https://rac.com.au/about-rac/advocating-change/reports [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Safety.fhwa.dot.gov, 2011, Intersection safety. [online] Available at: https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/local_rural/training/fhwasa1108/fhwasa1108.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Safety.fhwa.dot.gov, 2014, Safety Improvements on High Risk Rural Roads. [online] Available at: https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/hrrr/manual/hrrr_2014.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Sahraei, E., Digges, K., Marzougui, D. and Roddis, K., 2014. High strength steels, stiffness of vehicle front-end structure, and risk of injury to rear seat occupants.Accident Analysis Prevention,66(1), pp.43-54. Ukroads (2017), Road Safety Good Practice Guide [online], Available at: https://www.ukroads.org/ukroadsafety/articlespapers/roadsafetygoodpracticeguide.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017] Viano, D.C. and Parenteau, C.S., 2015. Concussion, diffuse axonal injury, and AIS4+ head injury in motor vehicle crashes.Traffic injury prevention,16(8), pp.747-753. Viano, D.C. and Parenteau, C.S., 2015. Update on the effectiveness of high retention seats in preventing fatal injury in rear impacts.Traffic injury prevention,16(2), pp.154-158. Viano, D.C. and Parenteau, C.S., 2016. Effectiveness of the revision to FMVSS 301: FARS and NASS-CDS analysis of fatalities and severe injuries in rear impacts.Accident Analysis Prevention,89(5), pp.1-8. Weng, J., Meng, Q. and Yan, X., 2014. Analysis of work zone rear-end crash risk for different vehicle-following patterns.Accident Analysis Prevention,72(2), pp.449-457. Weng, J., Xue, S., Yang, Y., Yan, X. and Qu, X., 2015. In-depth analysis of drivers merging behavior and rear-end crash risks in work zone merging areas.Accident Analysis Prevention,77(8), pp.51-61. Yu, R., Wang, X. and Abdel-Aty, M., 2017. A hybrid latent class analysis modeling approach to analyze urban expressway crash risk.Accident Analysis Prevention,101(11), pp.37-43.

Advanced Information Security

Question: Discuss about the Advanced Information Security. Answer: Yes, it is possible to get multiple certificates for the same domain signed by different CAs. If any send a request to two different Certificate Authority with the same key, then the sender received two different certificates for the same key. But the signature will be different for a different certificate. Browsers would treat them all as legitimate documents Installing software: The imposter could trick the user into thinking the user was fixing code written by Microsoft, but instead was installing malware. Sometimes user installs some software in their system, and some malware or molecules software also install this software. Viewing Web pages: For the web pages, the imposter could appeal off a phishing attack, tricking users into thinking that they were accessing their bank's Web site, and hence pull off a man-in-the-middle attack and gather login credentials. Moreover, they are accessing some personal data or putting some personal data on some website and hence pull off a man in the middle attack and collect all the personal details of this user. Why, in practice, are server certificates rarely signed: It appears to be too much trouble to distribute the public keys securely for the certificate authorities in advance and store them in the .ssh/authorized_keys directory of the client machines. The user wants to be sure that he or she has logged in to the machine that she is trying to log in to, especially if the authentication method is to send a password. Otherwise, an attacker could act as a man-in-the-middle. Rule conflicts is a problem in a firewall rule set. Some rules are created for rejecting all the packets from a particular destination. On the other hand, some rules are established to accept all the packets from a particular destination. If reject and accept destination are same then rule conflicts will be 2 TCP 55.66.77.0/24 Any 129.174.17/180 22 allow 3 TCP 55.66.77.12 4500 129.174.17/180 22 deny Occur. In this case, some rule conflicts are present which is given bellow: Above table shows that rule 2 allow all the packets from the destination IP address and destination port. Rule 3 indicates that all the packets are rejected from a particular destination where the destination of rule 2 and 3 is same. Therefore, a rule conflict occurs. 13 Any 0.0.0.0/0 Any 0.0.0.0/0 any allow 14 TCP 0.0.0.0/0 Any 0.0.0.0/0 any deny 15 UDP 0.0.0.0/0 Any 0.0.0.0/0 any deny In this case rule, 13 allow all the packets those are using any protocol. But in rule 14 and 15 shows that the packets are rejected those are using TCP and UDP protocol. Therefore, a rule conflict occurs. Redundancies 16 TCP 0.0.0.0/0 Any 129.57.17.180 6000:6010 deny 17 TCP 0.0.0.0/0 Any 129.174.17.180 0:1024 deny 18 Any 0.0.0.0/0 Any 129.174.17.180 any deny The FIRST match policy put on the first rule which match the packet. The BEST match policy put on the rule which is more accurate regarding the network. The LAST match policy put on the rule that is first. Mainly it is bottom to top. Proxy Firewall is one type of network security system which protects a network by filtering the packets. This firewall is used in an application layer. The proxy firewall allows all the network traffic by checking their validity. Proxy firewall is placed in the network gateway. All incoming packets are checked in the proxy server. If the packets are authorized then, proxy firewall grants the access. If not then proxy firewall destroy this packet. The transparent firewall acts as a gateway of a network. Mainly it is a routed hop. It is also called layer 2 firewalls which perform as a "bump in the wire" or a "stealth firewall." A transparent firewall has commonly used the firewall. The proxy filter firewall is extremely secure than the transparent firewall. The main difference between the transparent firewall and proxy firewall is proxy firewall use a proxy server in the system, but the transparent firewall is used routed hop firewall. NAT stand for Network Address Translation. NAT is applied in a single device as a network gateway. For an example router. A net enables router connect with the internet and hide the entire private from the public network. In NAT system, it is not necessary to recognize all the internal devices. All the generated request by workstation are sent via the router. NAT help the router to transfer this packets in the internet t destination. The NAT convert the source address of all packets and place its IP address. If security is to provide in to the NAT, the network will be more secure for the attackers. Mainly NAT create a firewall for the security purpose. All servers that are presented to people in the general system (web), including web servers and DNS servers ought to be set in the DMZ. The DMZ is a different subnet situated outside of the association's system, but at the same time secured by a firewall. Movement starting from the organization's system is permitted into the DMZ, however, activity from the DMZ is not allowed into the association's system. This is imperative since ought to a server get to be bargained, and an aggressor cannot access the organization's inside system. Bibliography Braun, J., Volk, F., Classen, J., Buchmann, J. and Mhlhuser, M., 2014. CA trust management for the Web PKI. Journal of Computer Security, 22(6), pp.913-959. Bray, R.F., Grzelak, C.P. and Keirstead, J.D., International Business Machines Corporation, 2015. Firewall event reduction for rule use counting. U.S. Patent 9,043,461. Carthern, C., Wilson, W., Bedwell, R. and Rivera, N., 2015. Network Address Translation and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. In Cisco Networks (pp. 255-272). Apress. Francis, P., 2015. Network Address Translation (NAT). ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 45(2), pp.50-50. Ghai, S. and Verma, A., 2015. Network Security Using Divergent Firewall Technologies. IITM Journal of Information Technology, 1, p.29. Kachare, M.S.S. and Deshmukh, P., 2015. Firewall Policy Anomaly Management with Optimizing Rule Order. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering Management (IJAIEM), 4(2), pp.201-205. Mao, H., Zhu, L. and Li, M., 2012, September. Current State and Future Development Trend of Firewall Technology. In Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2012 8th International Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE. Vratonjic, N., Freudiger, J., Bindschaedler, V. and Hubaux, J.P., 2013. The inconvenient truth about web certificates. In Economics of information security and privacy iii (pp. 79-117). Springer New York.

The Hot Zone Essay Summary Example For Students

The Hot Zone Essay Summary Setting:The setting g takes place in two major places. Reston Maryland which is a suburb of Washington DC. and the second major area is in Kenya Africa. The story takes place in the 1980s. Main Characters:Since this story is a true story there is no one character that is a main character. The author does not create the story around any one main character so Ill just list every character I can remember from the book. 1. Charles Monet: He was the first host to the deadly ebola virus breakout in Africa. He was 56 years old and was kind of a loner according to the authors interviews with people. 2. Dr. Mosoke: He was Charles Monets doctor when Charles crashed and bled out which means when the host suddenly starts bleeding infectious blood out of every orifice in the body. We will write a custom essay on The Hot Zone Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now 3. Nancy Jaax: She was a veterinary pathologist at a military fort in Maryland.. 4. Jerry Jaax: He was a veterinarian and husband to Nancy Jaax. 5. Peter Jahrling: He was a disease expert at Fort Detrick6. Gene Johnson: He was in charge of the Reston operation. He also was the discoverer of Ebola Sudan. 7. Nun: The Nuns name was unknown but she had the very first recorded case of Ebola Zaire which is the most dangerous of the three strains. Summary:This is a true story. On New Years Day 1980 a man named Charles Monet went on a trip with a girl friend of his up to Mnt. Elgon in West Kenya. They spent the night there and went to a large cave there called Kitcum cave. After his trip to Kitcum cave he went home and three days later had a huge headache that wouldnt go away. That is the first symptom of this deadly disease. A few days later he went to the doctors and they told him he should go to a bigger hospital in Nairobi. Charles caught a flight to Nairobi an the ninth day after his visit to kitcum cave. All through the flight to Nairobi he was throwing up blood mixed with a black liquid. When he got to the hospital he sat down and waited to be served. Then his spine went limp and nerveless and he lost all sense of balance. he started going into shock. He then started throwing up an incredible amount of blood from his stomach and spilt it on to the floor. The people who were there said the only sound was the choking in hi s throat from his constant vomiting while he is unconscious. Then came the sound of bed sheets being torn in half which is the sound of his bowels opening up and venting blood from the anus. The blood is mixed with intestinal lining. His gut is sloughed. The linings of his intestines come off and were being expelled from his body along with huge amounts of blood. This dying process which happens to nine out of ten people who come in contact with the deadly disease is called crashing and bleeding. Samples of his blood were flown to all the major disease labs in the world. The disease was a Marburg Strain. In Sudan the same types of deaths were wiping out whole tribes. So Gene Johnson flew over there and worked with sick members of the tribes to try and find a cure. This strain of Marburg was called Ebola Sudan for were it was found. Later in Zaire there was an out post of missionaries who would give vaccine shots and penicillin to local tribes. One of the nuns there became sick with a similar disease. She died and her blood was sent to disease labs all over the world. The strain was called Ebola Zaire since it was discovered in Zaire. .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 , .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .postImageUrl , .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 , .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1:hover , .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1:visited , .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1:active { border:0!important; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1:active , .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1 .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe131f620ce8260f16f1ccd23e5671c1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Career In The Culinary Arts EssayIn Reston Maryland there was a monkey house that would ship monkeys all over the US. to labs for medical experiments. Suddenly all the monkeys started dying in one room. Tom Jahrling from fort Detrick came down and took a look at the monkeys and took some samples. He took back and he and Tom Geisbert looked at it and thought it was just a small monkey virus and try smelled it which is a way to tell what something was. They couldnt tell what it was so they looked at it under a electron microscope and it looked allot like Marburg. They were scared because they had smelled the container of the marburg. They didnt tell anyone that they had be en exposed. The Military and the C.D.C. (Center for Disease Control) sealed off the whole building and Nancy Jaax and Jerry Jaax led squads of people inside the building wearing space suits. Two people while working inside the building were cut and their space suits were torn which means they were exposed to the virus. They found out that the virus they were working with was a close relative to Ebola Zaire. They killed all the monkeys in the building and locks their corpses up because they were predicting that if the virus got out it would total the human population. It would be like another Black Plague, but the Black Plague only killed 50% of those infected while this killed 90%. They put a special chemical in the building and let it sit four three days. After the tree days nothing was alive in the entire building not even a tiny microscopic virus could live. But four people had been exposed to the virus and surprisingly they all lived they later realized that the virus must have mutated so it would not harm humans but if it mutated again and could effect humans it would be devastating. This new virus was called Ebola Reston. Opinion:I thought the book was really scary. It was scary to see that there are diseases that could completely wipe us out and that we got really lucky at Reston. I thought the book was also very educating. From a scale of one to ten I give it a ten because the author uses great detail. for instance when the author tells the effects of the disease.

Hewlett-Packard Organizational Structure Essays

Hewlett-Packard Organizational Structure Essays Hewlett-Packard Organizational Structure Paper Hewlett-Packard Organizational Structure Paper Hewlett-Packard (HP) is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA that provides products, technologies, softwares, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors. It specializes in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major product lines include personal computing devices, enterprise, and industry standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers, and other imaging products. The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard. Currently, HP is the worlds leading PC manufacturer, operating in nearly every country. It specializes in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major product lines include personal computing devices, enterprise, and industry standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers, and other imaging products. HP markets its products to households, small- to medium-sized businesses and enterprises directly as well as via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply retailers, software partners and major technology vendors. HP also has strong services and consulting business around its products and partner products. Major company events have included the spin-off of part of its business as Agilent Technologies in 1999, its merger with Compaq in 2002, and the acquisition of EDS in 2008, which led to combined revenues of $118. 4 billion in 2008 and a Fortune 500 ranking of 9 in 2009. In November 2009, HP announced the acquisition of 3Com; with the deal closing on April 12, 2010. On April 28, 2010, HP announced the buyout of Palm for $1. 2 billion. On September 2, 2010, won its bidding war for 3PAR with a $33 a share offer ($2. 07 billion) which Dell declined to match. Hewlett-Packard is not affiliated with Packard Motor Car Corporation, founded by James Ward Packard and William Doud Packard . HISTORY Founding Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard graduated in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1935. The company originated in a garage in nearby Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with a past professor, Frederick Terman at Stanford during the Great Depression. Terman was considered a mentor to them in forming Hewlett-Packard. In 1939, Packard and Hewlett established Hewlett-Packard (HP) in Packards garage with an initial capital investment of US$538. Hewlett and Packard tossed a coin to decide whether the company they founded would be called Hewlett-Packard or Packard-Hewlett. Packard won the coin toss but named their electronics manufacturing enterprise the Hewlett-Packard Company. HP incorporated on August 18, 1947, and went public on November 6, 1957. THE 1960s HP partnered in the 1960s with Sony and the Yokogawa Electric companies in Japan to develop several high-quality products. The products were not a huge success, as there were high costs in building HP-looking products in Japan. HP and Yokogawa formed a joint venture (Yokogawa-Hewlett-Packard) in 1963 to market HP products in Japan. HP bought Yokogawa Electrics share of Hewlett-Packard Japan in 1999. THE 1970s HP is identified by Wired magazine as the producer of the worlds first marketed, mass-produced personal computer, the Hewlett-Packard 9100A, introduced in 1968. HP called it a desktop calculator, because, as Bill Hewlett said, If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers computer gurus because it didnt look like an IBM. We therefore decided to call it a calculator, and all such nonsense disappeared. An engineering triumph at the time, the logic circuit was produced without any integrated circuits; the assembly of the CPU having been entirely executed in discrete components. With CRT display, magnetic-card storage, and printer, the price was around $5000. The machines keyboard was a cross between that of a scientific calculator and an adding machine. There was no alphabetic keyboard. Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple, originally designed the Apple I computer while working at HP and offered it to them under their right of first refusal to his work, but they did not take it up as the company wanted to stay in scientific, business, and industrial markets. THE 1980s On March 3, 1986, HP registered the HP. com domain name, making it the ninth Internet . com domain ever to be registered. In 1987, the Palo Alto garage where Hewlett and Packard started their business was designated as a California State historical landmark. THE 1990s In July 1999, HP appointed Carly Fiorina as CEO, the first female CEO of a company in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Fiorina served as CEO during the technology industry downturn of the early 2000s. During her tenure, the market value of HP halved and the company incurred heavy job losses. The HP Board of Directors asked Fiorina to step down in 2005, and she resigned on February 9, 2005. THE 2000s On September 3, 2001, HP announced that an agreement had been reached with Compaq to merge the two companies. 20] In May, 2002, after passing a shareholder vote, HP officially merged with Compaq. Prior to this, plans had been in place to consolidate the companies product teams and product lines. [21] In 1998 Compaq had already taken over the Digital Equipment Corporation. That is why HP still offers support for PDP-11, VAX and AlphaServer. The merger occurred after a proxy fight with Bill Hewletts son Walter, who objected to the merger. Compaq itself had bought Tandem Computers in 1997 (which had been started by ex-HP employees), and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998. Following this strategy, HP became a major player in desktops, laptops, and servers for many different markets. After the merger with Compaq, the new ticker symbol became HPQ, a combination of the two previous symbols, HWP and CPQ, to show the significance of the alliance and also key letters from the two companies Hewlett-Packard and Compaq (the latter company being famous for its Q logo on all of its products. ) THE 2010s On April 28, 2010, Palm, Inc. and Hewlett-Packard announced that HP would be acquiring Palm for $1. billion in cash and debtÃ'Ž In the months leading up to the buyout it was rumored that Palm was going to be purchased by either HTC, Dell, RIM or HP. On August 6, 2010, CEO Mark Hurd resigned amid controversy and CFO Cathie Lesjak assumed the role of interim CEO. On September 30, 2010, Leo Apotheker was named as HPs new CEO and President. On September 22, 2011, Hewlett-Packard Co. named former eBay Inc. Chief Executive Meg Whitman its president and CEO, replacing Leo Apotheker, while Raymond Lane became executive chairman of the company. Flat OrganiZational structure HP has flat organizational structure with few or no levels of intervening management between staff and managers. * They had well-trained workers who were more productive when they are more directly involved in the decision-making process, rather than closely supervised by many layers of management. * This structure is generally possible only in smaller organizations or individual units within larger organizations. When they reach a critical size, organizations can retain a streamlined structure but cannot keep a completely flat manager-to-staff relationship without impacting productivity. Certain financial responsibilities may also require a more conventional structure. Some theorize that flat organizations become more traditionally hierarchical when they begin to be geared towards productivity. * The flat organization model promotes employee involvement through a decentralized decision-making process. By elevating the level of responsibility of baseline employees and eliminating layers of middle management, comments and feedback reach all personnel involved in decisions more quickly. Expected response to customer feedback becomes more rapid. Since the interaction between workers is more frequent, this organizational structure generally depends upon a much more personal relationship between workers and managers. Hence the structure can be more time-consuming to build than a traditional hierarchical model . Divisional structure Divisional structure in HP allowed the organization to coordinate intergroup relationships more effectively than does a functional structure. Product Structure * Each product division contains the functions necessary to that service the specific goods or services it produces. What are the advantages of a product structure? * Increases the division of labor so that the number similar products can be increased (such as a wider variety of appliances like stoves, or ovens) expand into new markets and produce totally new kinds of products (such as when an appliance maker starts to produce computers or ai planes). Market Structure * Market Structure Group functions into divisions that can be responsive to the needs of particular types of customers. Geographic Structure An organization facing the problem of controlling its activities on a national or international level is likely to use a geographic structure and group functions into regional divisions to service customers in different geographic areas. * Each geographic division has access to a full set of the functions it needs to provide its goods and sevices. HP IS Decentralized HP has Decentralized organizational structure in which daily operations and decision-making responsibilities are delegated by top management to middle and lower-level mangers within the organization, allowing top management to focus more on major decisions. For a small business, growth may create the need to decentralize to continue efficient operations. Decentralization offers several advantages, though relinquishing control may be difficult for a business owner accustomed to making all the decisions. Advantages Empowering Employees Employees can be empowered by having more autonomy to make their own decisions, giving them a sense of importance and making them feel as if they have more input in the direction of the organization. It also allows them to make better use of the knowledge and experience they have gained and implement some of their own ideas. Relieving the Burden * Decentralizing takes some of the burden of daily business operations off the business owner. When the owner allows others to perform such tasks as hiring new employees or ordering supplies, this frees her up to spend more time on big-picture items, such as planning for expansion or meeting with important clients. Preparing for Emergencies * A situation may arise where the business owner must be away from the business for an extended period time because of illness or another type of emergency. A decentralized structure provides a better chance that the organization will maintain self-sufficiency because managers and employees are accustomed to working autonomously. More Efficient Decision-Making * A decentralized organization is able to make decisions more quickly than one with a centralized structure. A manager often can make a decision without having to wait for it to go up a chain of command, allowing the organization to react quickly to situations where fast action can mean the difference between gaining and losing a customer. Ease of Expansion For a growing business, decentralization can facilitate the process of expansion. For example, if expansion results in opening a new business unit in a different geographic area, decentralization allows the new unit to operate as an independent entity, meaning it can react more easily to the specific needs of the area, such as deciding to sell products that appeal to the local market. Mutual adjustment The ongoing informal communication among different people and functions that is necessary for an achieve its goals. Mutual adjustment makes an organizations structure work smoothly, and managers must constantly make efforts to promote it and do all they can to facilitate communication and the free flow of information among functions. * Mutual adjustment, for example, prevents the emergence of different orientations that can cause significant communication and decision-making problems between functions and divisions. * An organization has to build into its structure integrating mechanism that facilitate mutual adjustment and make it easy for managers and employees in different functions and divisions to meet and coordinate their activities. Cross Functional Structure A cross-functional team is a group of people with different functional expertise working toward a common goal. It may include people from finance, marketing, operations, and human resources departments. Typically, it includes employees from all levels of an organization. Members may also come from outside an organization (in particular, from suppliers, key customers, or consultants). Cross-functional teams often function as self-directed teams responding to broad, but not specific directives. Decision making within a team may depend on consensus, but often is led by a manager/coach/team leader. Advantages on having this structure The organizational changes have increased transparency for these business functions relative to the company’s strategic roadmap, sharpening the executive team’s focus on customer-facing businesses, further enabling opportunities for synergies across business units, and positioning HP for the opportunities it sees in the market.

The impact of computer system has had on McDonalds fast food resturant Essay

The impact of computer system has had on McDonalds fast food resturant - Essay Example McDonalds got us to throw away our trash and banks converted us from using tellers to ATM's. Retail customers are increasingly choosing to serve themselves. Kiosks are becoming common. Customers can determine/verify product pricing, view on-line promotions and advertising, locate products, and access frequent shopper program information. With kiosks, customers can view a much wider assortment of merchandise than can be accommodated on the sales floor. Retailers can offer more colors, sizes, flavors and options. Kiosks allow for offering complementary products to standard store offerings. Customers can also quickly find what they want. The retailer can provide additional product information - including specifications, price comparisons and product reviews. Customers can perform transactions such as buying a gift card or applying for a credit card on a kiosk. Handheld computers can read barcodes on products in the store, and calculate a running total of the bill as customers shop. More customers can be served quicker by fewer people when self-checkout systems are implemented, resulting in a long-term cost savings. Self-checkout is an example of how technology has increased margins for retailers."3 Currently McDonalds is testing the use of new technologies such as RFID and barcode-selling in some countries. For example, in South Korea, customers can buy their food through their cell phones which rings when the order is ready4 but it is said that "this trial is much more an RFID effort than a traditional mobile experiment. Most of the phone's communications capabilities and its display are barely used, with customers having to download a McDonalds application into their phone."5 However the system works easily for the people with compatible cell phones. "At each table, there is an RFID reader and a menu that has built-in RFID chips. Customers plug the reader into their mobile phones and point them at the item on the menu that they wish to eat or drink. The bill is charged through the mobile phone. When the meal is ready, the system sends a short message to the phone so the customer can pick up the ready tray at a designated counter."6 In order for McDonalds to implement a secure RFID and barcode system, they consider all the security measurements for these technologies. "There are a number of fundamental design features necessary in automatic data collection systems and good database design."7 "Not surprisingly, FRIDs poor system design, whether capturing RFID tag information, bar code information or keyboard-entered data will create vulnerabilities."8 In other words, initial RFID is a system with weaknesses and in order to use this system, McDonalds needs to resolve some security issues. Researchers state that "RFID systems as a whole are often treated with suspicion, but the input data received from individual RFID tags is implicitly trusted."9 Viruses and worms are known threats that can influence these systems with ease. Currently McDonalds is cooperating with security companies to provide maximum security tools and protocols to

Students' access to,use of,perceptions and attitudes towards computer Research Proposal

Students' access to,use of,perceptions and attitudes towards computer assisted language learning in EFL instruction at Tabuk University in Saudi Arabia - Research Proposal Example sector, the approach of teaching has transformed and still transforming significantly due to availability of different technologies that have become a part of teaching practices, and administrators are implementing different technological tools to replace conventional forms of teaching (Jones, 2001: 360-367). In other words, education is now depending heavily on the interactive means of technology, as teachers are endeavoring to provide interactive-based teaching to their students, in order to maintain their concentration and interest that has become one of the major issues in contemporary education society (Hoffmann, 1996: 24-29) (Gattegno, 1976: 20-22). In such endeavors, ‘computer assisted language learning’ (CALL) is playing a significant role in facilitating teachers and educators in the provision of a learning platform to students with the utilization of advanced forms of technology, especially computers (Allen, 1999: 16-31). Since its commencement, CALL has continued to enhance and improve gradually and has been able to offer significant and effective outcomes that have inclined experts to carry out researches and studies related to this interdisciplinary tool of teaching (Levy, 1996: pp. 23-25). However, despite various studies (Lirola et al, 2008: 67-81) related to CALL exist today; however, there is still a huge room for new and more importantly, specific studies, as it is a personal observation that culture plays a significant role in the success or failure of CALL in any learning setting. Thus, it is very important to carry out specific and focused studies related to computer-assisted language learning, in order to acquire effective outcomes. Moreover, there is huge need of studies related to CALL, however, in context of EFL, as studies in EFL context are very rare, and thus, new studies will allow a more comprehensive understanding related to pros and cons of the technology. For this purpose, the proposed study will attempt to identify and

Portrayal of Women in Dreamgirls 2006 Movie Review

Portrayal of Women in Dreamgirls 2006 - Movie Review Example The plot of the movie is set in the period of 1960s and 1970s. The movie narrates the lives of three young promising and talented African American women who formed a music trio The Dreammates with the dream of becoming famous musical group. The three women Effie White, Deena Jones and Lorrell Robinson were the members of the musical group where Effie acted as the leading singer. The singing talent of the girls was discovered by the record executive Curtis Taylor. He offered the girls to become back-up singers for headliners James Thunder. He worked hard on the grooming of the girls and takes the control of look and sound of the group. He soon started feeling closer to Deena and based upon his romantic interest he insists that Deena should replace Effie as leading singer of the group.They underwent a conflicting situation over the issues of change of group name and substitution of lead singer. The record executive insists that they should change the name of the group to Dreams because this name seems to be more music friendly. Furthermore, he also wants to see Deena as the leading singer of the group. The movie shows the three women having the realization that they have to pay high costs for getting their dreams come true because the fame and fortune come to them in exchange for much higher cost than  their imaginations.  

The Role And Teachings Of The Dalai Lama Philosophy Essay

The Role And Teachings Of The Dalai Lama Philosophy Essay It is up to each of us to make the best use of our time to help create a happier world1. The mark of the 21st century embraced upon a civilization corrupted with greed for power. It originated a society that talks, walks, and breathes desire for power, and to achieve this desire it will go to any cost. It does not care how many innocent people die or how many people become homeless, all it cares about is being on top and surviving. Violence is in every corner, in every street, in every block, and pretty much in every country. To live, people are willing to kill their neighbours, more or less their own blood. Violence has engulfed all of what is in existence today. It has become a source of power, a source of desire, mankinds aspiration. Although, majority of mankind may be corrupted, there still lie those who believe and have faith in amity. A belief that one day this hunger for power will lie behind us and the future will dictate peace and uphold a place of altruism (unselfishness). Amongst these believers of hope is His Holiness, Tenzin Gyatso. Tenzin Gyatso is one who seeks to find peace even in the darkest of days. Tenzin Gyatso is the 14th Dalai Lama and a symbol for future hope for both Buddhism and his nation, Tibet. He is recognized as the reincarnation of Avalokiteshvara, a Buddha who has chosen to be reborn in order to enlighten others. The Dalai Lama embraces a genuine model of life: a model through reason and selflessness and not through force; a model which is neither harmful not hostile to humanity. The Dalai Lama governs without resorting to any means of punishment: he wields weapons against no one, ruling honourably and serenely with no hatred. The Dalai Lama preaches to cultivate compassions, and metta (kindness) for all beings. An in depth analysis of the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, and his philosophies illustrate the through non violence one can achieve inner peace. Tenzin Gyatso, more formally recognized as the Dalai Lama, is the religious Buddhist leader of the country Tibet. He is the 14th manifestation of the Bodhisattva of compassion, Avalokiteshvara. To Tibetans, this Dalai Lama is known by his title, Dalai meaning ocean, and Klein, Leslie. Sprituality in a Materialistic World. AuthorHouse, 2008. Lama meaning Wisdom2. To himself, he is Tenzin Gyatso, a simple Buddhist monk- no more no less3. His holiness was born on July 6th 1935 in a small village Takster to a peasant farm family of sixteen. Takster is a village in the eastern Tibet province Amdo. At the age of 2, Tenzin Gyatso was identified as the reincarnation of his precursor, the 13th dalai Lama, becoming the 14th in line of the Dalai Lamas. Born as Lhamo Dhondrub, he was renamed rJe btsun jam dpal ngag dbang blo bzang ye shes bstan dzin rgya mtsho srid gsum dbang bsgyur mtshungs pa med paI sde bzang po4. The tulkus (reincarnated lamas) coronation ceremony occurred on February 22, 1940 in Tibets capital, Lhasa. His education began at the age of six. At the age of 15, on 17 November 1950, he was crowned the title of Dalai Lama, becoming Tibets most important spiritual and political leader. At the age of 24, he was evaluated at the monastic universities of Drepung, Sera and Ganden. In Monlam Festival Prayer, Tenzin Gyatso took his final assessment at Jokhang where he was examined on the 3 subjects: logic, Middle Path, and the canon of monastic discipline. At the age of 25 he finished the Geshe Lharampa Degree, the Doctorate of Buddhist Philosophy. In 1989, the Dalai Lama received the Noble peace prize2. To understand Dalai Lamas preaching of non violence, first one must comprehend non- violence. Non-violence is one of the highest virtues that should be accepted by everyone, no matter if they plead to Buddhism or not. Non-violence means to refrain from vicious actions. One should not kill another living being. One should not hurt another living being. One should not pain another living being. One should not ahimsa (harm) another being. This is non-violence. According to the Dalai Lama, violence is not the key, it is not the answer to anything. 2 Mullin, Glenn H., and Valerie M. Shepherd. The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: a Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation. Santa Fe, NM: Clear Light, 2001 3 Mehrotra, Rajiv. In My Own Words: an Introduction to My Teachings and Philosophy. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2008. 4 Mehrotra, Rajiv. Understanding the Dalai Lama. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2008. We have two options. First, nonviolence. Second, violence- thats suicide. We have to live with the Chinese side by side. It is very essential to carry this movement of nonviolence, so that later, we can live happily. If we adopt violence on the Chinese, then Tibetans will also suffer. Some positive outcome- quite a few Chinese became sympathetic of Tibetan people. They came to me expressed themselves. Nonviolence is the best method5. Violence cannot be overcome by more violence. By responding to violence, the result will be catastrophic. On the contrary, by avoiding violence one can only hope to diminish others violence. A great example of this is the homeland of the Dalai Lama, Tibet. In 1950, the genocide of Tibet began with the Chinese army of the Peoples Republic. In 1951, the Chinese government tried to take rule over Tibet from the Dalai Lama through the seventeen-point agreement. In 1959, there was an uprising against the Chinese military; when that failed the Dalai Lama was force to flee to India. In 1959, his Holiness refuted in Dharamsala, North India where he established a government-in-exile2. The Chinese captured and imprisoned naive citizens and protestors, devastating the Tibetan culture. The Dalai Lama did not refute to foul words, he did not speak ill of the Chinese. Instead of fighting back, the Dalai Lama preaches that one should meditate and reflect on what they might have done on their previo us life that they are being tormented now. He helps people understand that if one responses by causing suffering amongst another, they are not contributing to a unity in their internal world nor to the external world. The lives they live are meaningless if it does not contribute to anything. By causing suffering they cause themselves more suffering, for in their next birth they will reborn into a worse life. The life one lives is based on the karma, action, of one in the previous life. Thus, rather than devoting oneself to harm the Dalai Lama preaches Tibetans to abstain from armed struggle and accumulate good karma to achieve inner peace. If everyone adopts and learns the morals of inner peace, no longer will there be people in this world who will cause ahimsa. No longer will there be violence. As a well-known spiritual leader and political ruler, the Dalai Lamas first and foremost 5 McLennan, Scotty. The Heart of Nonviolence: A Conversation with the Dalai Lama. WisdomPortal.com. Web. 1 Aug. 2010.. obligation is to protect his people and nation. The Dalai Lama has never ceased his people from using violence just because of Buddhist morals, but because, nonviolence is for us the only way. Quite patently, in our case violence would be tantamount to suicide 6. Some might think that by not fighting he brings upon torture to his people, but the initial purpose behind the Dalai Lama is to help his people to learn and to develop. By not fighting back he tries to show people that good does not come through war and bloodshed, by refusing to fight in the long run we secure a better future. Right now we must suffer, but the seeds to our suffering will grow a clean planet. The Dalai Lama is an idol to humanity, an advocator of non-violence. Thos who do afflict harm, the enemies, are just a test of time. With time and patience, as one accumulates good karma, the birth of amity will take place, and violence will vanquish. The enemy teaches you inner strength. Your mind by nature is very soft, but when you have troubles, your mind gets strong 7. Enemies are the test of time, for when one is surrounded by enemies one has to make important judgements. These judgements define the inne r self. If one is able to refrain from violence and overcome satanic thoughts and stay on the right path, one can achieve inner peace. Thus, through the process of non violence one achieves inner peace. When one is at inner peace with themselves in times of battle they make correct decisions and refuse to fight, ultimately causing outer peace. The Dalai Lamas believes nonviolence is connected with the free understanding of individuals. The free understanding of individuals is ultimately a path leading to mental amity. Thus, non violence originates inner peace. His Holiness, the14th Dalai Lama, believes to embark inner peace one must develop metta, (love, kindness and compassion)7. When we are non-violent and refuse to fight we attain metta in our hearts. When there is violence there is anger, hatred, 6 Bstan-Ê ¼dzin-rgya-mtsho, and SÃÅ' aÃÅ'„ntideva. A Flash of Lightning in the Dark of Night: a Guide to the Bodhisattvas Way of Life. Boston: Shambhala, 1994. 7 Piburn, Sidney. The Dalai Lama, a Policy of Kindness: an Anthology of Writings by and about the Dalai Lama. Ithaca, N.Y., USA: Snow Lion Publications, 1990. and attachment, but when there is no violence one is calm, and serene. With the origins of violence comes desire and greed, eventually leading to mental unrest. When we are kind and compassionate to others it makes others feel loved, and it helps us develop inner happiness. In one of his interviews, the Dalai Lama states: If you give way to anger, hatred, you get lost. No sensible human being wants to loose himself or herself. Hope and determination will bring upon a brighter future So in order to develop human determination you need hope. And to develop hope you need compassion, love. Love and compassion are the basis of hope and determination8. If one gives into anger and hatred they give in to inner strife. If one refuses to fury and forbids him or herself from fighting they develop love and compassion to bring upon a better future. One must first develop compassion and love towards others, and then will they receive love and compassion back. One must realize that nothing good comes without suffering. Rather than making others suffer, rather than raising weapons, one should be hopeful and determined. Good karma leads to a good life. When one develops compassion and love one achieves inner peace. Without inner peace we remain longing for desire. The Dalai Lama believes that if everyone achieves calmness, compassion, and love for others eventually one day there would not be a single person left that will cause brutality upon another. When everyone has achieved this state of happiness no longer will there be armed conflict, poverty, destruction, and prejudice. The Dalai Lama is a role model of non-violence, and believes inner peace can only be achieved through non violence. The Chinese have put Dalai Lama and his people through a lot of agony, yet he still prays for their wellness. He believes that rather than drawing upon weapons, if he holds back he will attain peace with the Chinese. That one day they will see that violence only leads to deaths; through non-violence they can reach a compromise. Tibetans refuse to fight, they decided to listen to his Holiness, and abstain from harming (ahimsa) another being. Through non-violence and compassion inner happiness and peace will develop, and likewise, through 8 Bstan-Ê ¼dzin-rgya-mtsho, and SÃÅ' aÃÅ'„ntideva. For the Benefit of All Beings: a Commentary on The Way of the Bodhisattva. Boston: Shambhala, 2009 inner peace outer peace will develop. Without inner peace one will always remain worried, disturbed or unhappy. The Dalai Lamas preachings about non-violence and metta to achieve inner peace is Tibetans hope and determination for the resolution of the Chinese Genocide. In his Dentsik Monlam prayer the Dalai Lama articulates: the violent oppressors are also worthy of compassion/ Crazed by demonic emotions, they do vicious deeds/ that bring total defeat to themselves as well as to others9. This prayer was written by the Dalai Lama when he was extremely ill and all around him was bloodshed caused by the Chinese Military. The Dalai Lama wanted his people to realize that liberation can only be achieved non-violently via altruism (unselfishness) and metta (kindness). Altruism and metta can only be achieved via non-violently. Thus through the non violent approach one achieves peace of mind. The Chinese Military will stop if the Tibetans do not respond. Violence can only grow when you nurtur e to it, by not giving it violence you forbid it from growing. According to his Holiness, the spirit of non-violence is the basis for achieving inner peace. But why should one achieve inner peace? To achieve inner peace is a step to achieving liberation. The first of the 5 Buddhist precepts is the vow to refrain from killing. That one should neither hurt nor harm (ahimsa) another being, but rather practise compassion and kindness (metta) towards them. To reach the ultimate goal of Buddhist path, Nirvana, and break through samsara, the cycle of life, one must be peaceful. To achieve enlightenment and to see things for what they really are, panna, one must reach tranquility of the mind. This calmness of the mind can only be achieved through meditation, and inner peace, not violence. The actions we take affect everyone around us, not just us, so how can you believe to be liberated when you bring harm upon others. Thus, in order to achieve inner peace and deliberate ourselves from suffering, we need to focus on others, and refrain from violent actio ns. 9 Bstan-Ê ¼dzin-rgya-mtsho, Dupchok Gyaltsen. Rabjampa, and Peter Gold. Words of Truth: a Prayer. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1993. We can never obtain peace in the world if we neglect the inner world and dont peace with ourselves. World peace must develop out of inner act As long as the weapons are left alone in storage they cannot do any harm. A human being must use them.7. Resolution through conflict does not guarantee a solution every time. Outer disbarment comes from inner disarmament. The only true guarantee of peace lies within ourselves6. In a time of conflict, we become attached to our views and forget that everything is impermanent. Our thoughts become too clouded, and we become too ignorant. When one is no longer ignorant one achieves bodhi, total awakening. Any being who understands inner peace, and subsides in a non violent conduct is evidentially contributing to the universal peace of all beings and the exile of violence. 2.com/title/Non-violenceNon-violence means 2.com/title/co-operationco-operation where it is possible, and 2.com/title/resistanceresistance where it is not10. Through Non violence one is able to control their emotions and stay happy. Through non-violence one is able to love, be compassionate and be metta towards others, as well as live in unity with humanity. Ultimately altruism, self consciousness, and amity through equal justice and fair-play lead to non-violence. Non-violence helps one acknowledge their internal awareness pertaining to greed, desire and hatred, and their outer awareness pertaining to how their internal awareness will affect the world. This awareness is ones inner peace. His Holiness, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama has become a worldwide symbol for peace, a teacher of non violence, an inspiratio n for billions. According to the Dalai Lama the first inner awareness is that suffering exists and the way to liberate from it is through hope and compassion, not violence. Through non violence we attain inner peace, through violence we attain inner discord. Hence, the 14th Dalai Lama raises no weapons, faces no wars, and preaches for non violence to achieve inner peace, for hatred never ceases through hatred in this world; through non violence it comes to an end10. 10 Sulak, Sivaraksa. Seeds of Peace: a Buddhist Vision for Renewing Society. Berkeley, CA: Parallax, 1992.

198451: The Year of the Salamander Essay -- George Orwell 1984 Essays

198451: The Year of the Salamander When comparing the masterpieces of George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 the astute reader is immediately able to see a minimum of two recurring themes in both of them. â€Å"Orwell had produced an imaginative treatise of totalitarianism, cutting across all ideologies, warning of the threat to humanity should any government, of whatever political complexion, assume absolute power† (Nineteen Eighty-Four 12). Meanwhile Bradbury described the horrors of a society that became a totalitarian regime through the Firemen who attempted to control the ability of thought. Both of these structures depended on limiting the thought of the citizens either through Newspeak in which the undesirable thoughts could not be expressed or by destroying access to all previous insight forcing people to rely only on their own insights while at the same time discouraging them from having any. Captain Beatty tells Montag of society’s ideal, â€Å"We must all be alike. Not everyone is born free and equal, as the Constitution says, but everyone made equal† (Bradbury 58). Bradbury guarded against the burning of the collective knowledge of man by pointing out the reasoning through Beatty, â€Å"With school turning out more runners, jumpers, racers, tinkerers, grabbers, snatchers, fliers, and swimmers instead of examiners, critics, knowers, and imaginative creators, the word ‘intellectual,’ of course, became the swear word it deserved to be. You always dread the unfamiliar.... Breach man’s mind. Who knows who might be the target of the well-read man?† (58). Orwell’s main concern with the destruction of literature was the resulting loss of an external reality in which people could communicate and preser... ...s of citizens. The only entity which citizens beheld with fear was the group of Firemen. Still without allowing trials, they would burn books and jail the owners. On the whole however, anarchy was generally encouraged so long as it kept the survivors happy. Both worlds are set in a future which has not, and hopefully will not, come to be despite the passing of the dates given by the authors. This futuristic setting, even with its minor use of â€Å"space-age† technology is science fiction. Works Cited â€Å"Background.† Ms. Taylor’s Handouts. : 3-11. Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Books, 1953. â€Å"Language and Thought Control.† Ms. Taylor’s Handouts. Logan, IA: Perfection Learning Corperation, 1994: 22-26. â€Å"Nineteen Eighty-Four.† Twayne’s Masterwork Studies: 1984. :6-23. Orwell, George. 1984. New York, NY: Signet Classics, 1949.

Hillary Clinton Essay

HILLARY CLINTON All can agree that this year is a very special year for presidential candidates. One candidate could be the first Morman president. One who could be the oldest president. Another who could be the first black president. And last, but not least, one who could very well become the first women president! This one woman, as we all know, is no stranger to the White House. Yes, she has called it her home before. She lived there for nearly eight years. Her name is †¦ Hillary Clinton, Presidential Candidate for the 2008 Democratic Party. The following will demonstrate the stances, vision, political accomplishes and pieces of her own life, on which she is planning to lead our country in the right direction. Hillary Diane Rodham, the first child born to Dorthy and Hugh Rodham, was born on October 26, 1947 at a Chicago hospital, and was raised in Park Ridge, Illinois. Hillary’s childhood was happy but disciplined. She loved participating in sports and was greatly involved with her church. During high school, she was enrolled in the National Honor Society. Her parents always encouraged her to study hard and to follow whatever career interested her(Jones 1). Hillary graduated Wellesley College, and spoke at her graduation saying, â€Å"The challenge now is to practice politics as the art of making what appears to be impossible, possible. † Later, in 1969, she entered Yale law School where she serced on the Board of Editors of Yale Law Review and Social Action. This point in Hillar’s life holds a special place in her heart, for this is the place in which she met her future husband, Bill Clinton. She often recalls how they met in the library when she walked up to him and said, â€Å"If you are going to keep staring I might as well introduce myself. † Hillary and Bill married in 1975. In those next few years to come, Hillary joined the faculty of the university of Arkansas Law School and later the Rose Law Firm. In 1978, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the board of Legal Services corporation. Bill, on the other hand, became the Governor of Arkansas. Then in 1980, the first child, Chelsea Clinton, was born (Walker 1). After Bill had been elected President of the United States of America, Hillary did her best to balance public service and her family (Jones3). Now a days, Hillary’s name is among many influencial people such as Barack Obama and John McCain, as she fights to win the election. If she should win, as we all know she will become the very first woman president in the United States history (Simpson 1). Hillary Clinton is one of the very diverse candidates for the 2008 presidential election. She has been in the White House before but not as President. She has been working hard for our country ever since Bill Clinton, her husband, became president in 1992. Hillary Clinton’s political achievements range from helping after 9/11 as a New York Senator, to running campaigns against the degradation and abuse of women. Hillary Clinton is a strong force to be reckoned with. As first lady she accomplished traveling the globe speaking for women’s rights. From the White House she led efforts to make adoption easier, expand early learning and child care, increase funding for breast cancer research, and to help veterans suffering from Gulf War syndrome who had often been ignored in the past. Hillary helped to launch a national campaign to prevent teen pregnancy and helped create an Adoption Safe Families Act in 1997, this moved children from foster care to adoption more quickly. Thanks to her efforts the number of children who have moved out of foster care and into adoption has increased. Hillary Clinton’s campaign for a universal health care coverage did not succeed, but she continues to push. She has helped plan the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, which provided millions of Children with health insurance. In 2000 Hillary Clinton was elected as Senator for New York, as senator Clinton has continued to advocate for women and children , has been a national leader for homeland security , and she worked in 2001 to recover and rebuild after 9/11. She has also worked to make sure our troops in Iraq are properly equipt, expand quality affordable health care, she has pushed to help care for children, and has worked to make sure everyone has the fair right to vote. Hillary Clinton has made many strides in political achievement and has earned her spot to have a fair run in the 2008 Presidential election (Clinton 1). As president Hillary Clinton will lower taxes for middle class families: extending the middle class tax cuts including child tax and marriage penalty relief, offering new tax cuts for health care, college, and retirement, and expanding the EITC and the child care tax credit. Also she plans on harnessing the power of innovation to create high wage jobs on the 21st century. In vestments in alternative energy can create new jobs; expanded access to broadband will bring opportunities to underserved and disadvantaged communities. The manufacturing base re-energized through creative partnerships; and increased government suppor for research will stimulate the development of new technologies and life saving medicines. Hillary will restore integrity to science policy, recoiling Bush administration policies that are holding our nation back. Hillary Clinton said, â€Å"After six and a half years of President Bush’s fiscal irresponsibility, she wants America to regain control of its destiny†. She will move toward a balanced budget. Hillary believes that we would develop a set of budget rules similar to those we had in the 90s (Clinton 1). Hillary is very educated, and since she is very educated, she has many views and opinions on different issues. One view she has that many people feel very strongly about is abortion. Some people are totally against it, calling it in humane, while many people are completely for it. Hillary Clinton, is pro-choice, meaning she is for it. No she has never had an abortion, but she thinks this will keep people from getting illegal or unsafe abortions. I agree with this in the fact that if people want to do something, or want something done, they are going to do it. So why not do it as safe as possible (http://www. ontheissues. org/2008/Hillary_Clinton_Abortion. htm). Along with being pro- choice, Hillary has many other views, she believes some people caught with crack cocaine should get shorter sentences, ending the war as soon as possible is whats best, health care should be easily afforded and accesed, improving our schools is very important, and last but definitely not least women’s rights. One of the most important issues, Hillary believes, is ending the war in Iraq. She wants Iraq and its neighboring countries to govern itself. This would allow us to focus on our own government. Don’t get me wrong, she does want to help Iraq get back on its feet, but not by keeping troops over there, by spreading peace not war. She wants the countries to refrain from getting involved in their civil war. She also wants our troops to come home almost instantly. This is also a big issue many people look at when they are deciding on who their vote should go to. The issues may be very important and critical, but Hillary doesn’t hide what she believes because she wants people to know what they are getting when they vote Clinton. (Clinton 3 and 1) In conclusion, Hillary Clinton has, and sill is, proving herself to be a worthy opponent in this presidential Election. Her stances, visions, leadership skills, and her own background have been explained and demonstrated In hopes to open your eyes to not only Hillary as a candidate, but all candidates.